Essay on Importance of Nothing in Shakespeares King Lear

Importance of Nothing in William Shakespeares King Lear The Tragedy of King Lear has many important themes. One major theme concerns nothing. The main focus around the discussion of nothing is that nothing is a many things. Nothing is what binds everything. The first mention of nothing is when King Lear asks his daughters to profess how much they love him. The eldest daughters shower compliments upon him tickling his ears. Yet the Lears favorite daughter Cordelia will only speak the truth. When asked what she can say to gain her a portion of land better than her sisters, she replies, Nothing, my Lord (1.1. ) He exclaims, Nothing! (1.1. ) and she responds, Nothing (1.1. ). Lears answers, Nothing will come of†¦show more content†¦Then he asks Lear, Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle (1.4. )? This question should prod Lear to think of his earlier mistake of making a big ordeal out of Cordelias nothing. Ironically he responds, nothing can be made out of nothing (1.4. ), echoing what he said to Cordelia in 1.1. The Fool then tells Kent to tell him so much the rent of his land comes to (1.4. ). The answer to this, of course, would be nothing. The King has given all his land to Goneril and Regan. After Goneril walks into the room, he tells Lear thou art an O without a figure (1.4. ). An O without a figure would be a zero. Thus the Fool tells Lear that he is nothing. He continues by saying straightforwardly, I am a Fool, thou art nothing (1.4. ). Remarks like this provide ample opportunity for Goneril to rebuke Lear for having an all licensd Fool (1.4. ). In addition, the Fool calls Lear a sheald peascod (1.4. ). This is another way of saying he is empty. He is nothing. These remarks provide a theme continuing throughout the story. The main theme is that nothing is what binds everything together. If Cordelia had not responded nothing then the King would be happy. He would have moved in with Cordelia and she would have supported him. Moreover, Cordelia would have kept her portion and would have married the Duke Burgundy. Thus, her nothing changed everything. In addition, this nothing gives the play comic relief. The FoolShow MoreRelatedLear and Family Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Family Family is what defines ones character and identity. Shakespeares tragic play, King Lear, presents a ruling family and how its members relationships affect one another. The crumbling relationship between King Lear and his daughters exemplifies his struggle to maintain his role in his family and his identity within the state. Lear explains that human nature is marked by a desire for more than just the necessities one already has. Lear needs more than theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear971 Words   |  4 PagesKing Lear Exam Question In all genres there are stereotypical elements. 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It is necessary for these interpretations to be made and adapted in order for â€Å"King Lear† to have relevance within the context of the society. Each interpretation of the text extracts and concentrates on certain ideas, issues, themes, values of the play, altering the way the play is received amongst audiences and critics. Shakespeares tragedy King Lear can be interpreted inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1564 Words   |  7 Pageslaugh-invoking comedies or his heart-wrenching tragedies, Shakespeare’s plays have changed the course of literature. Many of his plays about love are widely praised by all, but Shakespeare s King Lear differs from the rest due to its definition of love. King Lear serves as an battleground between deception and compassion, between flattery and honesty. Rather than focusing on romantic love, such as in Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare in King Lear explores the boundaries of filial love, a bond between a

In What Ways Does The Character Of Othello Conform to Literary Tradition Of The Tragic Hero Free Essays

Othello is one of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies entwined with death, hate and deceit. It tells the story of a well respected and admired war hero, who gradually through the play falls from grace. We are told how jealousy overcomes him so greatly that he murders his innocent lover, and how the resentful Iago seeks revenge on other characters in the play as he envies their positions of power and authority and uses lies, stealing and even murder to get revenge. We will write a custom essay sample on In What Ways Does The Character Of Othello Conform to Literary Tradition Of The Tragic Hero? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another theme explored in the play is racism. We know Othello has worked hard to overcome racial prejudices in society to reach such a point of great authority and respect, and this makes his story even more tragic because it wasn’t as if all that power and status was just given to him. It was his life’s work, it meant everything to him and then he lost it all. In literary tradition a tragic hero is a courageous person who has authority and power yet loses it all. The steps a tragic hero makes during his decline are entirely his own. Although influenced by another, the tragic hero always displays free will, and the decisions that lead to his demise are his own, which means that had he of been more careful his death could have been avoided. It was Othello’s fault because of his lack of trust in Desdemona, which resulted in the destruction of them both. Tragic heroes do not necessarily need to die; however they do in all the plays written by Shakespeare. If they do live, then they are destined to suffer moral destruction and lose sense of what is right and wrong, blinded by their feelings and the suffering that they have experienced. It is crucial that a tragic hero possesses many good personality traits, even if he is a bad person and has evil intentions such as Macbeth, but they must all have one fatal flaw. Othello had both greatness and weakness. However Othello possessed too much greatness, and was too successful, noble and too proud and couldn’t believe that he had ever been wrong. Once he lost his pride and dignity it was all over for him because he had nothing else. Othello is a successful soldier because he has overcome many dangers and is full of awe-inspiring stories of his courage, will- power, bravery and physical strength. He sounds completely dedicated to his work, and nothing seems to distract him from it as he is always completely focused on it. Every conversation he has he refers to it and we don’t know that he has any other interests. Even his relationship is dominated by his work. Desdemona is captivated by his heroic stories and is full of admiration towards him; in a sense it is his status and the excitement of his amazing adventures that she has fallen in love with, not Othello himself: ‘She’d come again, and with a greedy ear Devour up my discourse.’ Here Othello tells the nobles who have met to discuss battle plans, interrupted by Brabantio accusing Othello of using witchcraft to make Desdemona fall in love with him, that she started to fall in love with him when he told her the stories of the journeys he had made and the battles he had fought in. He describes her fascination with them. The word ‘greedy’ suggests she was suffering from a desire to hear more and ‘devour’ suggests that she was desperate to take as much of it in as possible. It could be said that the couple were always destined for sadness because they were not truly in love, just with each others’ image: ‘She loved me for the dangers I and passed, And I loved her, that she did pity them’ Othello is describing how he knew that she loved him for his experiences in life and courageous character, and that he loved her because she admired him so much. This is an example of how Othello is far too proud, as he loved her only because she was so full of praise for him. This makes me think that he won’t be a very good husband as he is too self absorbed, and it sounds as if he is far more concerned about himself than with his wife. Maybe winning her heart was just another achievement to him. Iago is overcome with envy when Othello is sent on an urgent military mission in Cyprus and he does not receive the promotion that he was intently waiting for. Instead the position of Lieutenant is given to a young Florentine soldier Cassio. In anger Iago seeks revenge on them both for professional and personal reasons. His revenge on Othello is targeted through his relationship with his wife: he wants to make Othello feel pain and emotional upset, by convincing him that his wife is seeing Cassio behind his back and likes him above Othello, and he believes will achieve this. He knows that Othello is always used to being the one who everyone admires and looks up too and that he always gets what he wants, and always seems to win, whether in work or love. Iago wants him to feel as if there is someone better than him and that he isn’t as good as he thinks he is. He plans to poison Othello against his innocent wife and frame Cassio by planting a handkerchief belonging to Desdemona in Cassio’s bedchamber. Iago is fraught with jealousy as he feels that he has worked hard to achieve what he wants, putting in time and effort, yet it has been Othello who has been rewarded, through what seems like little effort and pure luck. Iago is an evil force because he is ruthlessly interfering with their relationship, something which has nothing to do with him and it isn’t as if that will even make his situation any better or solve anything. It is pure revenge without any regard for their feelings. What is even worse is that during this he is acting as a friend to Othello, and it is far more painful to be struck by a friend than an enemy. Othello believes Iago is someone that he can trust and this is certainly not true. When Othello is told of Desdemona’s adultery, he seems instantly convinced that it is true, which shows that he doesn’t have much faith in her, or know her very well: ‘This fellows of exceeding honesty,’ He seems completely decided about her immediately and believes Iago without question. We know that he does not believe Iago because of insecurity or low self-esteem, so Othello and Desdemona’s relationship can never have been very good if he instantly believes Iago’s word over her. He suddenly seems completely against her and starts to focus on how maybe people had tried to warn him against her, and the reasons that it wouldn’t work out. He talks about both his race and age. Othello copes with this seemingly fatal blow by convincing himself that he hates Desdemona and she is a whore: ‘She’s gone: I am abused, and my relief Must be to loathe her.’ This puts a great deal of pressure on his pride, but to keep feeling good about himself Othello curses her, in a bid to convince himself that he is better off without her and deal with the situation. This actually shows him to have a very weak character despite his heroic image as he has to convince himself she is so terrible just to make himself feel good. In a way even at this point we could say that he is a tragic hero, as he does have some very apparent faults and we can foresee his demise. He has shown strength in body, but not in mind. Once he has been convinced of Desdemona’s guilt, Othello believes that everyone is mocking him and laughing at him behind his back: ‘A fixed figure for the time of scorn’. He thinks that he has been made a fool, by Desdemona who he now sees as calculating and deceptive: ‘Patience, though young and rose lipped cherubin, Ay, there look grim as hell!’ Here he is reflecting on the transformation that he feels Desdemona has made, from a pure, innocent heavenly creature of beauty to a fierce, evil, cunning whore. This is a contrast between good and evil, with the images of heaven and hell, which we could compare to the themes of good and evil in the play represented by Desdemona and Iago. The language at this time of the play moves very swiftly from positive to negative, as if we can feel the evil Iago has created gradually spreading everywhere. We can also see in the quote language which is very poetic, and a great use of metaphors such as how he refers to Desdemona as a ‘cherubin’ as she seemed so good and innocent. This is unusual for Othello as earlier in the play he scorns his own use of poetic language: ‘I prattle out of fashion†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (act2scene1) Here he is referring to his speech to Desdemona after their arrival in Cyprus, and is admitting to himself that he is usually a far more plain speaker without fancy language or poetic phrases. This would suggest that either Desdemona brings out a different more romantic side in him, or that he is playing a role in front of her to convince them both that he is a perfect lover as well as soldier. Now by using this poetic style language, which he scorned before, to convey his anger the audience are struck by the feeling that he has been encompassed by some kind of change, and it signifies the success of Iago’s plan. The final scene of Othello is constructed in such a way that speeches of dramatic eloquence are entwined with straightforward dialogue. Othello is now completely convinced that he must kill Desdemona, and he tries to justify himself by saying he is doing it for the good of other men. I think another flaw in Othello’s character is that his work, fighting as a hero for his people and killing enemies, is so much a part of even his everyday life, that he has become blinded by jealousy and in a kind of madness is suggesting that killing Desdemona has to be done as part of his duty. What really makes him a tragic hero is that he had led himself to believe that what he is about to do is correct, yet he still loves her and so he is confused. Othello talks about what he is going to do as if it is something that has to be done, as if he is putting an animal out of its misery: ‘It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul:’ He thinks that he is sacrificing her to an ideal rather than murdering her in vengeful hatred. A lot of emphasis is now placed on her beauty, especially the whiteness of her skin. Othello tells himself that he has to kill Desdemona, yet he does not want to ruin this beauty: ‘Yet I’ll not shed her blood, Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow.’ The whiteness of her skin described makes us think about her purity and innocence, and it is another contrast with colour, light things personifying goodness. This makes us think of the good and evil in the play again. He is trying to avoid marking her body as she is so pretty. Maybe he also does not want to damage her body because he is convinced that he is doing a good thing and helping her, and he doesn’t think that it needs to be a violent slaughter just a quiet sacrifice. He no longer thinks about his anger, but just wants to do what he considers has to be done. By believing what he is about to do is the right thing Othello is following the typical ‘fall’ of a tragic hero, acting on what he believes to be true and thinking that his actions are correct. Again we think of her purity and goodness when he talks about ‘putting out the light’ which personifies her as a light in reference to her life. He also refers to her as a rose, which shows that he is keen to compare her to things that appear to be nice, maybe because we know that he stills appreciates her beauty, or maybe because he see’s it as a disguise: ‘When I have plucked the rose, I cannot give it vital growth again.’ This is a euphemism for death. From the second line we know that Othello realises what he is about to do is irreversible: the words ‘vital growth’ mean that once he has plucked the rose (Desdemona) and taken her life, he cannot give it back again. This may show that he has given the murder some thought, but he certainly has not considered it rationally or thought about the consequences of his actions. It think that the way Othello is now using metaphors to describe everything it proves that he is not thinking clearly and that he is caught up in some kind of obsession, quite apart from reality. By never referring to it directly, it makes us think he is not looking at the whole situation in a sensible or wise way. By kissing Desdemona one last time, Othello shows that he is still drawn to her and loves her, yet he doesn’t want to believe it. It builds up a lot of tension for the audience because right until the last moment we are still wondering if he will reconsider and change his mind, as it is obvious there is still love there. He wants to remember her the way she was when he was in love with her, charming and beautiful and not betraying or cheating on him. It is obvious that he values perfection, and he would rather her be dead and beautiful than alive and hurting him and causing trouble. During this part of the play Othello has been so taken over by evil that, as an audience, we start to hate him and feel anger at his violence, jealousy and severe misjudgement of his wife. I think also we can recognise a certain naivety within his character, for trusting someone’s word enough to kill the person he cares for most in the world. In the final few minutes of the play when Othello is confronted with the reality of what he has done by the other men, he is full of remorse and can see that he has made a terrible mistake. He tries to remind them of the man of greatness that he once was: ‘I have done the state some service and they know’t’ Here he is remembering how noble he used to be and he is reminding them of what he has done for them all in his heroic past. Maybe he is also trying to reassure himself that he has been a good person in his life before now, and of the good things that he has achieved. He asks the men there to speak of him how he really is, and to talk about his behaviour the way it was: ‘Speak of me as I am: nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.’ He is asking them not to excuse his actions, but not to talk of him brutally either. He wants them to tell the truth as they see or believe it, and to think about his reasons. This shows that he is trying to keep some dignity and that he values honesty in people, which suggests that still he is a good person. He describes himself as a person that does not usually get jealous, but was ‘wrought’ with it, and ‘perplexed in the extreme’. Again he uses poetic language to express how he feels: ‘Like the base Indian threw a pearl away’. Here he is using another metaphor, this time to describe how he just threw Desdemona’s life away and destroyed her, and how he was unaware of her true value and ignorant about the special person that she was. In the end all tragic heroes come to terms with what they have done, and realise that they have made terrible mistakes and have been acting without reason but on their emotions. Othello then takes the decision to end his own life, as he feels that he has been reduced to nothing and has lost everything he ever worked for. He has completely fallen from grace and meets the stereotyped image of a tragic hero perfectly as he goes from courageous hero to the disgraceful position of a murderer. He talks about himself as two people: ‘Where a malignant and a turbaned Turk, Beat a Venetian and traduced the state’ He sees himself as both an honourable soldier and a murderous lover, but he doesn’t want to live as what he has been reduced to. He can’t live with himself after realising what he has done and the full extent of his actions. He may kill himself because he feels that he deserves it for doing such a think, but I also think that his dignity plays a big part as he wants to retain some of that and his pride. He refers to himself as a ‘Turk’ in this passage, which of course his is, but he has always been recognised as part of the Venetian society, and never referred to as that. He is trying to make the point that he is their servant and enemy and will never truly be one of them because of his colour. By this we can tell that he truly has lost all his pride and self assurance, as he never made any statements about this before and always believed in himself and that he could succeed. It has all been the simple emotion of jealousy inside him that has caused the deaths of an innocent woman, a brave and noble man and a passionate love affair. I think that Othello is a true tragic hero because he goes from such a height of greatness to such shame and disgrace. He loses everything. He clearly makes his own decisions, even though he is greatly influenced by Iago. Then at the end of the play he recognises his mistakes and sees his fatal flaw: that he was too trusting of Iago and that jealousy blinded his love, and led him to become what he has. His character has changed – from the beginning of the play, where he is confident, proud and well-respected – to the end when he is remorseful, full of shame and looked down on in disgrace. However he has remained determined all the time to do what he believes, and has always been honest even though people haven’t been with him. The play evokes feelings of frustration and sadness: frustration at the ignorance of Othello about the characters around him, and sadness at the cost of his actions, and loss of an innocent life. Othello is completely in the tradition of a literary tragic hero and dies a victim of his own making. How to cite In What Ways Does The Character Of Othello Conform to Literary Tradition Of The Tragic Hero?, Papers

Startup Companies

Question: What isThe main competition that could be faced by the startup companies? Answer: Information Technology (IT) in Oman is a flourishing business that comprises of different types of services. In addition, due to the recent fall in oil prices, Oman has been encouraging its citizens to expand their business prospects and take up new ventures. Moreover, currently Oman has a booming market for IT industry as 95% of the population uses computers and advanced technology to conduct their daily business. In addition, evaluating the current situation opening Customer Support Services in Oman could be beneficial and profitable endeavor for any startup company. Furthermore, the customer support endeavor could uses limited capital input and provide a vast growth opportunity. Barringer (2012) suggested that business plan having low number of competition could help start-up business to increase their overall income in first year of inauguration. On the other hand, Mullins (2012) mentioned that without conducting effective research startup business could face difficulties and inc ur losses, which might result in their closure. Industry background During 2016, Omani citizens have used around 55 million Riyal worth of computer service and are future projected to increase in near future (Oman.org. 2016). Moreover, the Omani citizens have purchased around 175 million Riyal worth of computer software and hardware products in 2016 (Oman.org. 2016). These numbers mainly provide the booming market for IT industry, which is being developed in Oman. Furthermore, Mr. Abdul Al Hakim has an experience of 8 years in IT filed, which has helped him knowing in-depth knowledge about the overall changing environment for IT industry in Oman. Thus, Abdul Al Hakim after effective market analysis wants to open a customer support service in Oman. Blank (2013) stated that with the help of adequate market research companies are able to make effective decisions, which might help in increasing its overall return on investment. In addition, the company name suggested by Abdul Al Hakim was Al-Computer Support. Goals and potential of the business and milestones: he purpose of startup business is to provide effective services to Omani citizens and increase its customer base by increasing the number of subscribed users. Furthermore, the other business goal is to expand its operations in UAE.In addition, due to the limited number of customer service companies in Oman, the potential for the business success is relatively high. Moreover, the limited number of investment needed for starting the company is also reducing the overall risk. Furthermore, limited risk and huge business opportunity mainly increases validity of the business plan (Wentzensen and Wacholder 2013).Al-Computer Support mainly aims in providing services to 1000 customer at the end of first year. In addition, the company also aims in increasing its subscriber to 500 by the end of 1st year and 1500 by the end of 2nd year of its operations. Uniqueness of product or service The Customer Support Services will mainly help its customer that are facing problems with their computer. In addition, this service will be provided to both home and industry level customers, which currently has low service providers in Oman. Furthermore, Al-Computer Support will have packages ranging from one year to five years and executive offers to encourage customers for using their services (Blank 2013).These companies mainly have clients from different industries and neglect the overall rising demand from personal users in Oman. Thus, the overall competition level in home computer users in Oman is relatively low. Kwonget al. (2012) mentioned that increased competitive level could reduce the profit generation capacity of the company and hamper its growth prospects. Estimated market share: The main Customer service support industry in Oman mainly comprises of companies operating from overseas. In addition, with the help of high quality services and marketing exposure the new start-up company could effectively raise its overall market share. Wentzensen and Wacholder (2013) stated that with the help of effective pricing policy companies are able to increase their overall market share and in turn improve its revenue generation capacity. Marketing plan: Market strategysales and distribution: Implementation of effective marketing policy could mainly help the start-up company to maximize its customer reach and in turn increase its customer base. In this context, Jones and Penaluna (2013) mentioned that companies having exclusive marketing strategy with high quality services are mainly able to capture potential customers in their vicinity. On the other hand, Barrow et al. (2012) criticized that increased marketing exposure could raise administrative expenses of the company and might affect negatively its profit retention capacity. In addition, the marketing strategies that could be used by the start-up company are as follows. Increased quality of services: The marketing strategy for the start-up company is to provide high quality services to its customers. In addition, with the help of increased service quality and customer satisfaction level the company could enjoy the exposure of word of mouth advertisement. Furthermore, theses word of mount advertisement could help the company accumulate loyal customers and strength its financial stability. In this context, Weinstein et al. (2014) stated that companies now days have only one target to achieve high level of customer satisfaction, which enables them to raise their revenue generation capacity. On the other hand, Bothaand Robertson(2014)criticized that customer now days are more prone to low priced service, which reduce the need of having high customer satisfaction policy. Quick responses to problems: In addition, the startup company also aims in having a quick response team, which could deliver results in short time. This marketing policy could help attract customers working in MNCs and having tight schedule. Pricing policy: The startup company could mainly uses low pricing strategy to capture the required market share for achieving sustainable growth. In addition, the company could provide lucrative offers in its yearly subscriptions, which might increase the number of subscribers and maximize its overall profitability. Pfitzer et al. (2013) argued that adoption of low pricing strategy by Start-up Company might affect its cash reserve and reduce its capacity to achieve sustainable growth. Advertising and promotions plans: The advertising and promotional plans that could be used by the start-up company are as follows Increased social media exposure: With the help of social media, Start-up Company could effectively increase its reach to target customer and in turn raise its ability to make higher profits. Moreover, the social media advertisement could also help in attracting potential customers, which in turn might help in raising customer base of the company (Barrow et al. 2012). Using online advertisements: In addition, with the help of online advertisement the start-up company could effectively increase its customer research. Furthermore, as the company is related in computer business online advertisement could effectively help in reducing the overall expenditure of physical advertisements. Arranging works and seminars for industrial clients: In addition, the company could also arrange seminars and workshop for small business shower in Muscat that are facing problem with their compute. Moreover, with the help of seminar the companies could capture small business and in turn increase their customer base and revenue generation capacity (Wagemans et al. 2016). The main advantage of operating in Muscat is the population that it holds, which could be beneficial for the start-up company. In addition, the services that are being provided by the company could be effectively delivered to small business operating in Muscat. In this context, Feenstra (2014) stated that with the help of effective start-up location companies are able to maximize its overall profitability in its first year of operations. On the other hand, Wagemans et al. (2016) argued that during an economic crisis Start-up Company could faces problems even though the location is most appropriate for its operations. Moreover, Muscat being capital of Oman could effect ively help the new computer support business to flourish its operations and capture adequate market share. In addition, the new start-up company has effectively singled out the zone in which it could operate smoothly, which Muscat. Moreover, the company mainly focuses on small business and home pc users in Muscat. However, the software services of the company are provided over all over Oman, which in turn could help in increasing its overall sales. Field (2014) stated that start-up companies effectively conduct market research and start their operations in zones that could increase their revenue. Nevertheless, Tounes et al. (2014) criticized that due to intense competition, zones with adequate customer exposure could lose interest of startup companies. After recent fall in prices of crude oil, Oman has implemented different types of strategies to promote business, which does not deal with Crude oil. In addition, Oman has implemented 0% corporate tax rate for companies having a tot al profit of less than 30,000 Omani riyal (Pwc.com, 2016). In addition, the companies that have profits more than 30,000 Omani riyal has to pay only 12% as corporate tax (Pwc.com, 2016). However, companies dealing oil production are taxed 55% on their total profits (Pwc.com, 2016). In this context, Hiduke and Ryan (2013) stated that tax benefits and advantage mainly help startup companies to maintain the competitive level in the market, which in turn increases its growth prospects. On the other hand, Allison et al. (2014) criticizes that due to the increased tax advantage provide by some government competiveness of small business increases and reduce the overall profitability that could be generated by start-up companies. Being situated in Muscat the capital of Oman the start-up company could effectively enjoy adequate suppliers for its services. In addition, the company mainly sells services, which does not require high number of suppliers to support its activities. Furthermore, t he start-up company mainly requires internet and computer related supplier, which could be easily arranged in Muscat (Hiduke and Ryan 2013). In addition, the start-up company will accommodate a service van that could help in supporting customer visits. In addition, the access to transportation could effectively help the company in increasing its hardware service to small business and home pc users. In addition, the location of Start-up Company also helps in effectively reducing the transportation time for its workers. York and Danes (2014) stated that locations having easy of transportation could effectively improve its service timing and In an IT company management team must divided the operation into various structures which includes from administration to client end. For a start-up IT company the management must focus on the mission, vision and objectives. The mission must states what are the aims and goals of the company whereas the vision must state where the company wants to see itself in future (Bosun, Tenescu and Dima 2014). Based on the mission and vision a company must make strategic planning and work towards fulfillment of it. The legal structure of an IT company must first of all divided and further subdivide the entire operation of the company and delegate responsible person who will be accountable for all the functioning of the entire department. The main profile of an IT company is knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) in which various companies outsource their IT related activities to a IT firm (Hart, Taraba and Tomatk 2014). The organizational structure of IT Company must include human resource, administration, accounts and finance, operation and customer service. All the departments must be under the joint control of the board of directors who have been delegated authority by the owners of the company to look after the entire organization. Board of directors consists of a chairman who is the CEO of the company and three executive directors an d 2 independent directors. One of the independent director is the consultant and legal advisor of the company who is responsible for the legal compliance of the company. The members of board of directors must focus on the customers as they are the most important base of an IT company. Therefore, they must be given full satisfaction otherwise if they lose their client base then it will be difficult to survive. They must gain trust of their clients to retain them. Management must ensure that persons responsible for dealing clients must perform their job excellently to fulfill their needs. For a start-up IT Company it has to incur some of the initial start up cost like registration fees, legal expenses like preparation of MOA and AOA, preparation of feasibility studies etc. These costs are essential to bring the company into existence.Facility and Rent First of all start-up IT company must take a office at rent from where they will perform all the operation Utilities Expenditure on el ectricity, water and power are the cost of running a business. This are to be incurred from the very beginning from the time office is taken on rentSalaries Initially few employees will be appointed to run the business and they have to be paid salary for that so initial start up cost includes salary expenditure also (Shahi,Alipour and Feizi 2013). Equipment Initial Equipments and machinery has to be setup in the company to perform its activities. Like desktop, laptop, printers, fax machines and many more (Al Kindi,Al Lawati and Al Rawahi 2015). Supplies There are various things which is required to run a business and is only available from outside sources. So they have to enter into agreement with various vendors. Legal Compliance Initially registration of company, permission of government, pollution control and many more legal bindings are there for a start up. For that reason company have to incur some cost to abide various laws and regulation Marketing For an initial start up mar keting is very essential as they have to promote their company in order to absorb clients from market since clients are the base of any IT company. Cost control 'Al-Computer Support' must apply value chain analysis, value engineering and just in time to control its estimated cost if it is exceeding the budgeted. This way they will be able to cut down the prices of their service provides and absorb the market of Oman (Tan, Zhang and Liu 2013). First of all they must set a target price which will be the rate as per the industry rate in Oman then they must prepare a cost structure and estimate all the cost involved in this process. Target price minus profit margin is the target cost of the service provided and 'Al-Computer Support' must try to keep the estimated cost within the target cost. Budgeting Plans The must before the start of the operation prepare a budget for the entire year where expected revenue as well as cost are to be identified, which help in evaluating the overall profits that might be generated at the end of the fiscal year (Ratkowskiet al. 2016). As is a start up management must start with Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB), which the initial stage of budgeting in which the cost centre and principal budget factor is identified and functions of budget is defined. From the next year budget will be prepared based on this ZBB (Louis, Lys and Sun 2014). Then after 5 to 6 years again the budgeting process will start from zero based budgeting when the earlier assumptions will become useless. Various risk associated with a startup IT firm will be discussed under this section. Strategic Risk: It is the risk, which the company might fail to implement its strategy effectively and efficiently to achieve its objectives and goals. There can be many reasons behind it like powerful competit or enters into the market and customers shift to that company because they are providing better facilities and services. Hurdles can also come from monopoly suppliers who can hike the prices of their supplies. Strategic risk can lead to bankrupt of the company (Choi and Sias 2012). Therefore, failure in this case is referred to as strategic risk. Compliance Risk: It is the risk involved that the company is following all the relevant laws and regulation properly or not. Otherwise, government will ban their company (Gurin and Kilian 2014). In serious cases, compliance risk can affect the future of a company and become strategic risk. Operational risk: It is the risk associated with the operation of an IT company. When a company faces a failure in maintaining its day-to-day operation like server failure, system failure, machinery shut down and many more. These types of failure disrupt the entire operation of the company, which is very harmful (Scarbrough, Panourgias and Nandhakumar 201 5). Financial Risk: It is the risk involved with the financial standings of a company. If the company has takes a huge short-term loan and it is repayable within few days then it may be difficult for the company to run its daily operation since they have to use their funds in paying off its debts. Reputational Risk: There may be various types of company all over the world and even their level of functioning is very different. However, all the company is very much concerned about their reputation and goodwill. If their reputation is damaged then company will face loss of revenue and profit. In addition, if it so happens then employees will be willing to leave the organization and it will become difficult for the management to acquire new talent. Various barriers like geographically barriers, environmental barrier, like pollution control and water wastage, taxation and other duties. Government of a country can, if they want imposes such laws and regulation that it will become diffic ult for a company to continue its business. Companies might sometimes in order to comply with all the rules and regulation at the same time fail miserably and are then affected by compliance risk (Al-Mascati and Al-Badi 2016). They will also lose their customer base in the world. Sometimes operational risk have more impact on the strategic risk if proper backup has not been taken and entire data is lost due to disaster. Alternative course of Action Management of the IT Company always made some strategic planning to achieve their goals and objectives. However, it is not always possible to implement all the strategic planning successfully. There are various government rules and regulation, which an organization must abide in order to run their business (Al-Mascati and Al-Badi 2016). They will not be able to utilize their funds for the working capital purpose of the company. Therefore, an IT company must very cautiously deal with media and try to avoid the lime light since media is something, which can ruin the goodwill of a company (Oman.org. 2016). Sometimes operation risks are caused due to natural disasters like power cut, earthquake and accidental fire, which is not in the hands of human being. Transfer of Asset In todays world at the very beginning, venture capitalist tries to learn about the investment opportunities of a new start up by reading the business plan. Harvest strategy is widely known as the liquidity or exit strategy, which could help the startup business in its operations (Porwalet al. 2012). In addition, with the help of this strategy investors are provided with the chance, which help them make adequate investment decisions. Harvest strategy allows investors understand their repayment scheme. Before investing in a company, it is the right of all the equity investors to understand how much return they will receive their investment (Porwalet al. 2012). Normally the waiting period is 3 to 5 years, which depends upon the complexities of the company and the industry in which it belong. Generally, for an IT company the waiting time is 4 years as per the industry rules and regulation. Continuity of Business Strategy There are two methods of harvest strategy. First is Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and the second one is sale to another company. The business plan must clearly state the type of harvest strategy adopted by the new venture (Oman.org. 2016). In IPO the value of shares shows a drastic rise whereas in sale to another company the price is negotiable. In IPO the company goes public and is called a publicly traded company whereas in sale to another company it will be a private holding company (Gani 2015). In this business plan of Al-Computer Support, the Oman based IT firm it will adopt the first method of harvest strategy because in that case its value of shares will increase as well as it will be able to go public so that its shares can be listed on the stock exchange of Oman. Identity of successor Harvest strategy mainly ensures the lenders and shareholders of startup company that it has future plans to sell the shares in public through IPO or sale in to another company after the business have been developed by the management to some extent (Oman.org. 2016). The challenges faced by the management of the company is to run it rightly and show case a huge future prospects so that it becomes attractive in the eyes of other companies who are willing to acquire and prospective company. The non-accommodation of harvest strategy in business operations mainly indicate that owners of this company have a mentality to run it for an indefinite period (Al-Mascati and Al-Badi 2016). In such circumstances, the owners may provide them with extra benefits in terms of salary and other benefits that will be unfair for the outside investors, as they will not be providing equal benefit to all their stakeholders. In business plan milestones are used to mark important events. These points indicates t he main event in a project like starting point, completion of important tasks and finishing point of the project (Al-Mascati and Al-Badi 2016). It also estimate whether there is any need of external input or data for preparation of budget checks. Milestone does not tend to impact the project duration instead of that they focus on the main progress point of the project. However, it is able to add momentous value to the project scheduling. Deadlines and Milestones Furthermore, with the help of CPM, PERT and Program Evaluation effective Milestone stone for the startup company could be scheduled that gives an estimated time within which the project will be completed (Al-Mascati and Al-Badi 2016). It also indentifies the area which will require more time for completion and accordingly allocated the most effective and efficient resources to those areas. It identifies the critical path and evaluates the project cost based on that. After that, crashing is applied to reduce the estimated project cost (Kim 2012). It is used observe the progress of the project on a timely basis but there are many limitations of it also like it focuses on the critical activities only and ignore the non critical activities (Blank 2013). 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